What is the primary mechanism by which alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency leads to emphysema?

A Inhibition of elastase activity
B Enhancement of elastase activity ✓
C Impaired synthesis of surfactant
D Increased production of mucus

Explanation

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency leads to a lack of inhibition of elastase, resulting in excessive breakdown of lung tissue and emphysema.

Source

Harper's Biochemistry
Enzymes in Disease Biochemistry Protease Inhibitors Hard MEDICAL Confidence: high