MCQs on Human Skeleton and Muscular System
1. Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
-
- a) Humerus
- b) Femur
- c) Sternum
- d) Tibia
Answer: c) Sternum
Description: The sternum is part of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. These structures form the central axis of the body and protect vital organs like the heart and lungs.
2. Which bone is the longest and strongest in the human body?
-
- a) Tibia
- b) Femur
- c) Humerus
- d) Radius
Answer: b) Femur
Description: The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It supports much of the body's weight during activities like walking and running.
3. How many bones are there in the adult human skeleton?
-
- a) 206
- b) 212
- c) 220
- d) 200
Answer: a) 206
Description: The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. These bones are categorized into two parts: the axial skeleton (80 bones) and the appendicular skeleton (126 bones).
4. Which bone is responsible for protecting the brain?
-
- a) Pelvis
- b) Femur
- c) Skull
- d) Scapula
Answer: c) Skull
Description: The skull, composed of the cranium and facial bones, protects the brain from physical damage. It also houses and protects sensory organs like the eyes and ears.
5. What is the primary structural unit of compact bone?
-
- a) Osteon
- b) Chondrocyte
- c) Osteocyte
- d) Myocyte
Answer: a) Osteon
Description: The osteon, also known as the Haversian system, is the structural unit of compact bone. It consists of concentric rings of bone matrix around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves.
6. Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of movement?
-
- a) Hinge joint
- b) Ball and socket joint
- c) Pivot joint
- d) Saddle joint
Answer: b) Ball and socket joint
Description: Ball and socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip joints, allow for the greatest range of movement. These joints can move in almost any direction, including rotation.
7. Which bone is commonly referred to as the "collarbone"?
-
- a) Scapula
- b) Clavicle
- c) Radius
- d) Tibia
Answer: b) Clavicle
Description: The clavicle, commonly known as the collarbone, is a long bone that connects the arm to the body. It sits above the first rib and provides support for the shoulder.
8. What is the purpose of the cartilage found at the ends of long bones?
-
- a) To store fat
- b) To prevent bone growth
- c) To reduce friction and absorb shock
- d) To produce blood cells
Answer: c) To reduce friction and absorb shock
Description: The cartilage at the ends of long bones, known as articular cartilage, helps reduce friction in the joints and acts as a cushion to absorb shock during movement.
9. Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?
-
- a) Cardiac muscle
- b) Skeletal muscle
- c) Smooth muscle
- d) All of the above
Answer: b) Skeletal muscle
Description: Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, meaning it is consciously controlled by the brain. It allows for the movement of bones and is attached to bones by tendons.
10. Which muscle is responsible for breathing?
-
- a) Diaphragm
- b) Biceps
- c) Trapezius
- d) Gastrocnemius
Answer: a) Diaphragm
Description: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen. It plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to facilitate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
11. What is the term for the connective tissue that connects muscle to bone?
-
- a) Ligament
- b) Tendon
- c) Cartilage
- d) Fascia
Answer: b) Tendon
Description: Tendons are strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones, allowing for the transfer of force when muscles contract.
12. Which muscle is the largest in the human body?
-
- a) Quadriceps
- b) Gluteus maximus
- c) Biceps brachii
- d) Latissimus dorsi
Answer: b) Gluteus maximus
Description: The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the human body. It is located in the buttocks and plays a key role in maintaining posture and enabling movement such as standing up, climbing, and walking.
13. Which of the following muscles is involved in flexion of the forearm?
-
- a) Biceps brachii
- b) Triceps brachii
- c) Latissimus dorsi
- d) Gluteus maximus
Answer: a) Biceps brachii
Description: The biceps brachii is a large muscle located in the upper arm. It is responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow joint and plays a role in supination (rotating the forearm).
14. Which muscle type is responsible for involuntary movements?
-
- a) Skeletal muscle
- b) Smooth muscle
- c) Cardiac muscle
- d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Description: Both smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are responsible for involuntary movements. Smooth muscle controls functions like digestion and blood vessel constriction, while cardiac muscle controls the heart's pumping action.
15. What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
-
- a) Energy production
- b) Storing calcium ions
- c) Protein synthesis
- d) Oxygen storage
Answer: b) Storing calcium ions
Description: The sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells stores calcium ions, which are released during muscle contraction to initiate the process by interacting with the contractile proteins actin and myosin.
16. What is the role of myosin in muscle contraction?
-
- a) It binds to actin to form cross-bridges
- b) It provides ATP for energy
- c) It stores calcium ions
- d) It regulates muscle relaxation
Answer: a) It binds to actin to form cross-bridges
Description: Myosin is a protein in muscle fibers that interacts with actin to form cross-bridges, pulling the actin filaments closer together and causing muscle contraction.
17. Which muscle is responsible for the extension of the leg at the knee joint?
-
- a) Quadriceps femoris
- b) Hamstrings
- c) Gastrocnemius
- d) Deltoid
Answer: a) Quadriceps femoris
Description: The quadriceps femoris, a group of four muscles located at the front of the thigh, is responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint. It is essential for movements like walking, running, and jumping.
18. Which muscle is involved in the movement of the jaw?
-
- a) Temporalis
- b) Masseter
- c) Sternocleidomastoid
- d) Trapezius
Answer: b) Masseter
Description: The masseter is one of the primary muscles involved in chewing. It helps raise the jaw to close the mouth during biting and chewing movements.
19. What is the term for a muscle's ability to return to its original length after being stretched?
-
- a) Elasticity
- b) Contractility
- c) Excitability
- d) Conductivity
Answer: a) Elasticity
Description: Elasticity refers to a muscle's ability to return to its resting length after being stretched. This property helps muscles maintain their shape and function.
20. Which of the following is a feature of smooth muscle?
-
- a) Striated appearance
- b) Voluntary control
- c) Found in the heart
- d) Spindle-shaped cells
Answer: d) Spindle-shaped cells
Description: Smooth muscle consists of spindle-shaped cells that are not striated. It is found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines, blood vessels, and bladder, and operates involuntarily.
21. Which of the following bones is part of the appendicular skeleton?
- a) Sternum
- b) Rib
- c) Humerus
- d) Vertebrae
Answer: c) Humerus
Description: The humerus is part of the appendicular skeleton, which consists of the limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton. The humerus is the upper arm bone that connects the shoulder to the elbow.
22. Which muscle is responsible for the movement of the tongue?
- a) Masseter
- b) Orbicularis oris
- c) Genioglossus
- d) Temporalis
Answer: c) Genioglossus
Description: The genioglossus is the muscle responsible for moving the tongue. It helps protrude the tongue forward and plays an important role in swallowing, speaking, and breathing.
23. Which of the following muscles is a primary muscle for breathing?
- a) Diaphragm
- b) Gluteus maximus
- c) Sartorius
- d) Biceps brachii
Answer: a) Diaphragm
Description: The diaphragm is the primary muscle for breathing. It contracts and flattens to allow the lungs to expand and fill with air, and it relaxes to push air out of the lungs during exhalation.
24. Which of the following bones forms the lower jaw?
- a) Mandible
- b) Maxilla
- c) Zygomatic
- d) Nasal
Answer: a) Mandible
Description: The mandible is the bone that forms the lower jaw and is the largest and strongest bone in the face. It houses the lower teeth and plays a vital role in chewing.
25. What type of bone is the vertebra?
- a) Long bone
- b) Short bone
- c) Flat bone
- d) Irregular bone
Answer: d) Irregular bone
Description: Vertebrae are classified as irregular bones because they have complex shapes that do not fit into the categories of long, short, or flat bones. They form the spine and protect the spinal cord.
26. Which part of the bone contains red bone marrow for blood cell production?
- a) Diaphysis
- b) Epiphysis
- c) Perforating fibers
- d) Medullary cavity
Answer: b) Epiphysis
Description: The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, where red bone marrow is found. Red marrow is responsible for producing blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
27. Which of the following is a type of synovial joint?
- a) Sutures
- b) Ball and socket
- c) Symphysis
- d) Syndesmosis
Answer: b) Ball and socket
Description: A ball and socket joint, like the shoulder and hip joints, allows for a wide range of movement in almost any direction, including rotation, flexion, extension, and abduction.
28. Which of the following bones is part of the pelvic girdle?
- a) Femur
- b) Ilium
- c) Humerus
- d) Scapula
Answer: b) Ilium
Description: The ilium is the largest bone of the pelvic girdle. It forms part of the hip bone and provides support for the body's weight when sitting or standing.
29. Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?
- a) Protection of internal organs
- b) Regulation of body temperature
- c) Blood cell production
- d) Mineral storage
Answer: b) Regulation of body temperature
Description: Bones serve multiple functions including protection, blood cell production, and mineral storage. However, they do not regulate body temperature; this function is carried out by the skin and other physiological systems.
30. What is the name of the membrane that covers the outer surface of bones?
- a) Periosteum
- b) Endosteum
- c) Cartilage
- d) Ligament
Answer: a) Periosteum
Description: The periosteum is a dense layer of vascular connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, except at the joints. It contains nerves and blood vessels and plays a role in bone growth and repair.
31. Which of the following muscles is responsible for the flexion of the neck?
- a) Sternocleidomastoid
- b) Biceps brachii
- c) Trapezius
- d) Latissimus dorsi
Answer: a) Sternocleidomastoid
Description: The sternocleidomastoid muscle, located in the neck, is responsible for flexing and rotating the head. When both sides contract together, they flex the neck forward.
32. Which type of muscle fiber is used for endurance activities such as long-distance running?
- a) Type I fibers
- b) Type IIa fibers
- c) Type IIb fibers
- d) Both a and b
Answer: a) Type I fibers
Description: Type I muscle fibers, also known as slow-twitch fibers, are highly resistant to fatigue and are primarily used for endurance activities like long-distance running. They rely on aerobic respiration for energy production.
33. Which of the following is a characteristic of skeletal muscle?
- a) Involuntary control
- b) Striated appearance
- c) Single nucleus per cell
- d) Found in the walls of blood vessels
Answer: b) Striated appearance
Description: Skeletal muscle is characterized by a striated appearance due to the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments. It is voluntary and attached to bones to facilitate movement.
34. What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle?
- a) Sarcomere
- b) Myofibril
- c) Myocyte
- d) Myosin
Answer: a) Sarcomere
Description: The sarcomere is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle. It is the smallest contractile unit and is composed of actin and myosin filaments that slide past each other to produce muscle contraction.
35. Which muscle is responsible for raising the eyebrows?
- a) Orbicularis oculi
- b) Frontalis
- c) Masseter
- d) Buccinator
Answer: b) Frontalis
Description: The frontalis muscle, located in the forehead, is responsible for raising the eyebrows. It plays a key role in facial expressions like surprise or curiosity.
36. What type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines and blood vessels?
- a) Skeletal muscle
- b) Cardiac muscle
- c) Smooth muscle
- d) All of the above
Answer: c) Smooth muscle
Description: Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines, bladder, and blood vessels. It is involuntary and is responsible for processes like peristalsis in the digestive tract.
37. Which of the following best describes cardiac muscle?
- a) Voluntary control, striated
- b) Involuntary control, striated
- c) Voluntary control, non-striated
- d) Involuntary control, non-striated
Answer: b) Involuntary control, striated
Description: Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated. It is found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Cardiac muscle fibers are interconnected, allowing for coordinated contractions.
38. Which structure in muscle fibers stores and releases calcium during muscle contraction?
- a) Mitochondria
- b) Golgi apparatus
- c) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Description: The sarcoplasmic reticulum is an organelle in muscle fibers that stores and releases calcium ions. These ions are crucial for muscle contraction as they interact with contractile proteins.
39. What is the term for the muscle's ability to shorten and generate force?
- a) Excitability
- b) Elasticity
- c) Contractility
- d) Conductivity
Answer: c) Contractility
Description: Contractility refers to a muscle's ability to shorten and generate force when stimulated by an electrical impulse. This property is essential for muscle function and movement.
40. Which of the following muscles is involved in the extension of the arm at the elbow joint?
- a) Biceps brachii
- b) Triceps brachii
- c) Pectoralis major
- d) Latissimus dorsi
Answer: b) Triceps brachii
Description: The triceps brachii is responsible for the extension of the forearm at the elbow joint. It is located on the posterior side of the upper arm and is antagonistic to the biceps brachii.
41. What is the term for the increase in muscle size due to regular exercise?
- a) Hypertrophy
- b) Atrophy
- c) Hyperplasia
- d) Isotropy
Answer: a) Hypertrophy
Description: Hypertrophy refers to the increase in muscle size due to the enlargement of muscle fibers as a result of regular strength training or resistance exercises.
42. Which of the following is the main source of energy for muscle contractions during short bursts of activity?
- a) Fatty acids
- b) Glucose
- c) ATP
- d) Protein
Answer: c) ATP
Description: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the immediate source of energy for muscle contractions. During short bursts of activity, ATP provides the necessary energy for muscle fibers to contract rapidly.
43. Which muscle is located in the front of the thigh and helps extend the leg?
- a) Hamstrings
- b) Quadriceps femoris
- c) Gluteus maximus
- d) Gastrocnemius
Answer: b) Quadriceps femoris
Description: The quadriceps femoris is a group of four muscles located at the front of the thigh. It is responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint.
44. Which of the following is a function of the human skeletal system?
- a) Hormone production
- b) Protection of vital organs
- c) Food digestion
- d) Blood circulation
Answer: b) Protection of vital organs
Description: The skeletal system serves various functions, including the protection of vital organs such as the brain (protected by the skull), heart and lungs (protected by the ribcage), and spinal cord (protected by the vertebrae).
45. The condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to decreased bone mass is called:
- a) Osteoarthritis
- b) Osteoporosis
- c) Osteomyelitis
- d) Rheumatoid arthritis
Answer: b) Osteoporosis
Description: Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fractures.
46. Which bone is most commonly fractured in the body?
- a) Clavicle
- b) Femur
- c) Tibia
- d) Radius
Answer: a) Clavicle
Description: The clavicle (collarbone) is the most commonly fractured bone in the body, especially in falls or accidents. It connects the arm to the body and is vulnerable to impact injuries.
47. What is the function of the yellow bone marrow?
- a) Blood cell production
- b) Fat storage
- c) Bone repair
- d) Calcium storage
Answer: b) Fat storage
Description: Yellow bone marrow primarily stores fat, which can be used as an energy reserve. In adults, yellow marrow replaces much of the red marrow found in the bones of children.
48. Which of the following is a type of bone that forms the backbone (spine)?
- a) Rib
- b) Vertebra
- c) Sternum
- d) Scapula
Answer: b) Vertebra
Description: Vertebrae are the bones that form the spinal column (backbone). They protect the spinal cord and allow for flexibility and movement of the back.
49. The joint that connects the scapula to the clavicle is called the:
- a) Acromioclavicular joint
- b) Glenohumeral joint
- c) Radiocarpal joint
- d) Sternoclavicular joint
Answer: a) Acromioclavicular joint
Description: The acromioclavicular (AC) joint connects the acromion process of the scapula to the clavicle. It is an important joint for shoulder mobility, often injured in shoulder separations.
50. Which bone is found in the lower leg?
- a) Radius
- b) Fibula
- c) Ulna
- d) Humerus
Answer: b) Fibula
Description: The fibula is one of the two bones in the lower leg, located alongside the tibia. It is thinner than the tibia and primarily serves to provide support and stability to the leg.
51. Which part of the bone is responsible for bone growth in length?
- a) Epiphyseal plate
- b) Diaphysis
- c) Periosteum
- d) Medullary cavity
Answer: a) Epiphyseal plate
Description: The epiphyseal plate, or growth plate, is a hyaline cartilage plate located at the ends of long bones. It is responsible for bone growth in length during childhood and adolescence.
52. Which muscle is involved in flexion of the forearm at the elbow?
- a) Triceps brachii
- b) Biceps brachii
- c) Deltoid
- d) Gluteus maximus
Answer: b) Biceps brachii
Description: The biceps brachii is a major muscle in the upper arm that is responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow joint. It also aids in rotating the forearm (supination).
53. Which of the following muscles is responsible for the movement of the tongue?
- a) Temporalis
- b) Sternocleidomastoid
- c) Masseter
- d) Genioglossus
Answer: d) Genioglossus
Description: The genioglossus muscle is primarily responsible for moving the tongue. It plays a critical role in actions such as speech, swallowing, and breathing.
54. Which type of muscle is responsible for the pumping action of the heart?
- a) Skeletal muscle
- b) Cardiac muscle
- c) Smooth muscle
- d) All of the above
Answer: b) Cardiac muscle
Description: Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is responsible for its pumping action. It is involuntary, striated, and works continuously without fatigue to circulate blood.
55. Which muscle is located on the anterior side of the thigh and is responsible for extending the knee?
- a) Hamstring
- b) Quadriceps femoris
- c) Sartorius
- d) Gluteus medius
Answer: b) Quadriceps femoris
Description: The quadriceps femoris is a group of four muscles located at the front of the thigh. It plays a key role in extending the knee and is essential for activities such as walking and running.
56. What structure connects muscles to bones?
- a) Ligaments
- b) Tendons
- c) Cartilage
- d) Fascia
Answer: b) Tendons
Description: Tendons are strong, flexible connective tissues that connect muscles to bones. They transmit the force generated by muscle contractions to produce movement in the skeleton.
57. Which muscle is responsible for chewing (mastication)?
- a) Temporalis
- b) Masseter
- c) Buccinator
- d) Sternocleidomastoid
Answer: b) Masseter
Description: The masseter is one of the primary muscles involved in chewing. It is located in the jaw and helps elevate the mandible (lower jaw) to crush food.
58. What is the term for muscle contraction without movement of the joint?
- a) Isometric contraction
- b) Isotonic contraction
- c) Eccentric contraction
- d) Concentric contraction
Answer: a) Isometric contraction
Description: An isometric contraction occurs when a muscle contracts but does not change length, resulting in no visible movement of the joint. This type of contraction is important for stabilizing joints during various activities.
59. Which muscle is involved in raising the arm at the shoulder?
- a) Pectoralis major
- b) Latissimus dorsi
- c) Deltoid
- d) Trapezius
Answer: c) Deltoid
Description: The deltoid muscle is responsible for raising the arm at the shoulder. It is a large, triangular muscle located on the uppermost part of the arm and shoulder.
60. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for flexing the hip joint?
- a) Hamstrings
- b) Quadriceps femoris
- c) Hip flexors
- d) Gluteal muscles
Answer: c) Hip flexors
Description: The hip flexors, including muscles like the iliopsoas and rectus femoris, are responsible for flexing the hip joint, enabling movements like lifting the thigh or bending at the waist.
61. Which bone is responsible for protecting the brain?
- a) Sternum
- b) Skull
- c) Rib
- d) Clavicle
Answer: b) Skull
Description: The skull is responsible for protecting the brain. It is composed of cranial bones that encase the brain and facial bones that form the face, providing both protection and structure.
62. Which bone is located in the upper arm and connects to the shoulder?
- a) Radius
- b) Humerus
- c) Ulna
- d) Scapula
Answer: b) Humerus
Description: The humerus is the bone of the upper arm. It connects at the shoulder joint with the scapula and at the elbow joint with the radius and ulna, allowing for movement of the arm.
63. Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
- a) Femur
- b) Sternum
- c) Scapula
- d) Radius
Answer: b) Sternum
Description: The sternum is part of the axial skeleton, which includes the bones that form the central axis of the body (skull, spine, ribs, and sternum). It helps protect the heart and lungs.
64. The cervical vertebrae are located in which region of the body?
- a) Neck
- b) Back
- c) Pelvic
- d) Abdomen
Answer: a) Neck
Description: The cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae located in the neck region of the spine. They support the skull and enable head movement.
65. Which of the following is a bone found in the hand?
- a) Patella
- b) Scaphoid
- c) Calcaneus
- d) Femur
Answer: b) Scaphoid
Description: The scaphoid is one of the carpal bones in the wrist. It plays an important role in the movement of the hand and is most commonly fractured in wrist injuries.
66. Which bone is part of the lower leg and does not bear weight?
- a) Tibia
- b) Fibula
- c) Femur
- d) Patella
Answer: b) Fibula
Description: The fibula is a smaller bone in the lower leg that does not bear weight. It provides support and acts as a stabilizer for the tibia during movement.
67. Which of the following bones are located in the pelvic region?
- a) Patella and fibula
- b) Pelvis and ilium
- c) Radius and ulna
- d) Tibia and femur
Answer: b) Pelvis and ilium
Description: The pelvis is a bony structure that connects the spine to the legs, and the ilium is part of the pelvis. The pelvis supports the weight of the upper body and contains vital organs.
68. What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system?
- a) Bone formation
- b) Movement of joints
- c) Muscle attachment to bones
- d) Connecting bones to other bones
Answer: d) Connecting bones to other bones
Description: Ligaments are strong connective tissues that connect bones to other bones at joints. They help stabilize and provide support, preventing excessive movement that could cause injury.
69. Which muscle is responsible for rotating the head from side to side?
- a) Sternocleidomastoid
- b) Trapezius
- c) Deltoid
- d) Temporalis
Answer: a) Sternocleidomastoid
Description: The sternocleidomastoid is a prominent muscle in the neck. When one side contracts, it rotates the head to the opposite side, allowing for side-to-side head movement.
70. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for the movement of the thigh?
- a) Gluteal muscles
- b) Quadriceps femoris
- c) Hamstrings
- d) Abdominal muscles
Answer: a) Gluteal muscles
Description: The gluteal muscles (gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus) are responsible for the movement of the thigh. The gluteus maximus, in particular, is involved in hip extension and stabilization.
71. Which of the following muscles is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot?
- a) Tibialis anterior
- b) Gastrocnemius
- c) Rectus femoris
- d) Sartorius
Answer: b) Gastrocnemius
Description: The gastrocnemius is the calf muscle responsible for plantar flexion, which is the movement of pointing the toes downward. It helps in walking, running, and jumping.
72. Which muscle is located on the front of the thigh and is involved in knee extension?
- a) Hamstring
- b) Quadriceps femoris
- c) Adductor group
- d) Gluteus maximus
Answer: b) Quadriceps femoris
Description: The quadriceps femoris is a group of four muscles on the front of the thigh. It is responsible for extending the knee and is crucial for activities such as walking, running, and jumping.
73. Which of the following describes the primary function of the diaphragm?
- a) Arm movement
- b) Breathing
- c) Walking
- d) Digesting food
Answer: b) Breathing
Description: The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs. It plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing, which helps expand and contract the lungs.
74. What is the primary function of the flexor muscles of the forearm?
- a) Extend the fingers
- b) Flex the wrist and fingers
- c) Rotate the wrist
- d) Move the upper arm
Answer: b) Flex the wrist and fingers
Description: The flexor muscles of the forearm are responsible for flexing the wrist and fingers. They allow for grasping, gripping, and making other hand movements.
75. Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in chewing (mastication)?
- a) Sternocleidomastoid
- b) Masseter
- c) Buccinator
- d) Temporalis
Answer: b) Masseter
Description: The masseter is a key muscle involved in chewing. It elevates the mandible (lower jaw), allowing for the crushing and grinding of food between the teeth.
76. Which of the following is a function of smooth muscle?
- a) Voluntary movement
- b) Heart contraction
- c) Digestive movement
- d) Skeletal movement
Answer: c) Digestive movement
Description: Smooth muscle is responsible for involuntary movements in the body. In the digestive system, it facilitates peristalsis, which moves food through the digestive tract.
77. Which type of muscle is responsible for the contraction of the heart?
- a) Skeletal muscle
- b) Cardiac muscle
- c) Smooth muscle
- d) All of the above
Answer: b) Cardiac muscle
Description: Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. It is involuntary and striated, and it is responsible for the rhythmic contractions that pump blood throughout the body.
78. Which of the following is the correct term for the "muscle belly"?
- a) Tendon
- b) Myofibril
- c) Muscle fiber
- d) Skeletal muscle body
Answer: d) Skeletal muscle body
Description: The "muscle belly" refers to the central, fleshy part of a skeletal muscle where the muscle fibers are located. It is where muscle contraction occurs to produce force and movement.
79. Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?
- a) Femur
- b) Scapula
- c) Radius
- d) Tibia
Answer: b) Scapula
Description: The scapula (shoulder blade) is classified as a flat bone. It serves as a base for muscle attachment and helps in the movement of the shoulder and arm. It also protects the underlying organs.
80. Which of the following bones forms part of the nasal septum?
- a) Nasal bone
- b) Ethmoid bone
- c) Vomer
- d) Maxilla
Answer: c) Vomer
Description: The vomer is a thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum, which divides the left and right nostrils. It plays a key role in supporting the structure of the nasal cavity.
81. What is the term used to describe the point where two bones meet?
- a) Ligament
- b) Joint
- c) Tendon
- d) Cartilage
Answer: b) Joint
Description: A joint is the point where two or more bones meet. Joints allow for movement and flexibility, and their type depends on the range of movement they permit (e.g., hinge joints, ball-and-socket joints).
82. Which of the following is a function of the vertebral column?
- a) Protects the heart
- b) Stores fat
- c) Supports the body’s weight
- d) Secretes hormones
Answer: c) Supports the body’s weight
Description: The vertebral column (spine) supports the body’s weight and provides structural stability for the head, neck, and trunk. It also protects the spinal cord and allows for movement.
83. What is the largest bone in the human body?
- a) Femur
- b) Tibia
- c) Humerus
- d) Scapula
Answer: a) Femur
Description: The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is the largest and strongest bone in the human body. It supports the weight of the body during standing, walking, and running.
84. The atlas and axis are two bones located in which part of the body?
- a) Lower back
- b) Neck
- c) Wrist
- d) Foot
Answer: b) Neck
Description: The atlas and axis are the first and second cervical vertebrae in the neck. They are responsible for the rotation and support of the head and allow for movements such as nodding and turning the head.
85. Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
- a) Femur
- b) Rib
- c) Scapula
- d) Humerus
Answer: b) Rib
Description: The ribs are part of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. They help protect vital organs like the heart and lungs and assist in respiration.
86. Which muscle is responsible for abducting the arm?
- a) Deltoid
- b) Pectoralis major
- c) Latissimus dorsi
- d) Biceps brachii
Answer: a) Deltoid
Description: The deltoid muscle is responsible for abducting the arm, which is the movement of the arm away from the body. It is located on the shoulder and is important for lifting the arm to the side.
87. What is the primary function of the triceps brachii?
- a) Flex the arm
- b) Extend the arm
- c) Rotate the arm
- d) Stabilize the shoulder
Answer: b) Extend the arm
Description: The triceps brachii is located at the back of the upper arm and is responsible for extending the arm at the elbow joint. It is essential for movements like pushing or extending the arm.
88. Which muscle is responsible for the movement of the eyelid?
- a) Orbicularis oris
- b) Orbicularis oculi
- c) Zygomaticus
- d) Buccinator
Answer: b) Orbicularis oculi
Description: The orbicularis oculi is a circular muscle around the eye that is responsible for closing the eyelids. It plays a role in blinking, squinting, and expressing emotions like surprise or sleepiness.
89. Which of the following muscles is responsible for the movement of the foot at the ankle?
- a) Tibialis anterior
- b) Sartorius
- c) Gastrocnemius
- d) Gluteus maximus
Answer: c) Gastrocnemius
Description: The gastrocnemius muscle, located in the calf, is primarily responsible for plantar flexion, which involves pointing the toes downward. It is essential for activities such as walking, running, and jumping.
90. What is the primary role of the external oblique muscle?
- a) Flex the hip
- b) Rotate the trunk
- c) Extend the back
- d) Abduct the arm
Answer: b) Rotate the trunk
Description: The external oblique muscles are located on the sides of the abdomen. They are responsible for rotating the trunk and assisting with lateral flexion, as well as contributing to flexion and compression of the abdomen.
91. Which muscle is responsible for raising the eyebrow?
- a) Buccinator
- b) Frontalis
- c) Masseter
- d) Temporalis
Answer: b) Frontalis
Description: The frontalis muscle is located on the forehead. It is responsible for raising the eyebrows, such as during surprise or curiosity, and it also wrinkles the forehead.
92. Which of the following muscles is part of the quadriceps group?
- a) Biceps femoris
- b) Vastus lateralis
- c) Sartorius
- d) Gracilis
Answer: b) Vastus lateralis
Description: The vastus lateralis is one of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris group. It is located on the outer side of the thigh and is responsible for extending the knee.
93. Which of the following muscle types is characterized by voluntary control?
- a) Cardiac muscle
- b) Smooth muscle
- c) Skeletal muscle
- d) Both smooth and cardiac muscle
Answer: c) Skeletal muscle
Description: Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control, meaning they can be consciously contracted or relaxed. These muscles are responsible for moving the skeleton and are attached to bones via tendons.
94. What is the name of the muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
- a) Intercostal muscles
- b) Diaphragm
- c) Rectus abdominis
- d) Latissimus dorsi
Answer: b) Diaphragm
Description: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs. It separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and plays a key role in breathing by aiding in lung expansion.
95. Which muscle is responsible for the movement of the jaw during chewing?
- a) Temporalis
- b) Masseter
- c) Buccinator
- d) Trapezius
Answer: b) Masseter
Description: The masseter muscle is one of the primary muscles involved in chewing. It elevates the mandible (lower jaw) to crush and grind food, playing an important role in the process of mastication.
96. What type of bone is the femur?
- a) Long bone
- b) Short bone
- c) Flat bone
- d) Irregular bone
Answer: a) Long bone
Description: The femur is classified as a long bone due to its length being greater than its width. It is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, responsible for supporting the weight of the body and facilitating leg movement.
97. Which part of the skeleton is composed of 12 pairs of ribs?
- a) Axial skeleton
- b) Appendicular skeleton
- c) Pelvic girdle
- d) Lower limbs
Answer: a) Axial skeleton
Description: The ribs are part of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. The ribs protect the heart and lungs and play a role in the respiratory system by helping with breathing.
98. The patella is also known as what?
- a) Shin bone
- b) Knee cap
- c) Elbow bone
- d) Wrist bone
Answer: b) Knee cap
Description: The patella, commonly known as the knee cap, is a small, triangular bone located in the front of the knee joint. It protects the knee and improves the leverage of the quadriceps muscles during leg movements.
99. Which bone is commonly referred to as the "collarbone"?
- a) Scapula
- b) Clavicle
- c) Humerus
- d) Sternum
Answer: b) Clavicle
Description: The clavicle, commonly called the collarbone, connects the arm to the body. It acts as a strut to support the shoulder and plays a role in protecting important blood vessels and nerves beneath it.
100. What is the function of the vertebral discs in the spine?
- a) Help in bone formation
- b) Absorb shock and provide flexibility
- c) Produce red blood cells
- d) Attach muscles to bones
Answer: b) Absorb shock and provide flexibility
Description: Intervertebral discs are located between the vertebrae of the spine. They act as shock absorbers, allowing the spine to bend and move while preventing the bones from rubbing against each other.