A patient with anemia due to chronic inflammation has which of the following cytokines elevated, contributing to the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease?

A Erythropoietin
B Interleukin-10
C Interferon-gamma
D Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ✓

Explanation

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease. It contributes to the suppression of erythropoiesis and alterations in iron metabolism, characteristic of this condition.

Source

Blood Journal
Hematology Hematology: Anemia Hematology: Anemia Medium MEDICAL Confidence: high