A patient with severe vomiting presents with a metabolic alkalosis characterized by a high bicarbonate level and a low chloride level. What is the most likely cause of this condition?

A Contraction alkalosis due to volume depletion ✓
B Respiratory acidosis due to hypoventilation
C Metabolic acidosis due to lactic acid accumulation
D Hyperchloremic acidosis due to excessive chloride intake

Explanation

Severe vomiting leads to loss of hydrogen ions and chloride ions, resulting in a contraction alkalosis characterized by a high bicarbonate level and a low chloride level due to volume depletion.

Source

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance Acid-Base Balance Metabolic Alkalosis Hard MEDICAL Confidence: high