Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) – Sign and Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment and Prevention 4.9 (2256)

Heart attack, medically known as a Myocardial Infarction (MI), is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to a portion of the heart muscle is severely reduced or … Read More

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Sign and Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment and Prevention 4.9 (6524)

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a chronic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorder characterized by the narrowing or obstruction of the coronary arteries due to the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within the arterial … Read More

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) – Sign and Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment and Prevention 4.9 (6582)

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm arising from a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell and defined at the molecular level by the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. This oncogene is … Read More

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) – Sign and Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment and Prevention 4.9 (8752)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in Western countries, accounting for approximately 25–30% of all leukemias in the United States and Europe. It is a clonal … Read More

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) – Sign and Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment and Prevention 4.9 (5746)

Atrial fibrillation (AFib or AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, affecting an estimated 37–44 million individuals worldwide and representing a major global public health … Read More

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) – Sign and Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment and Prevention 0 (0)

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressing, clonal malignancy of hematopoietic progenitor cells arising in the bone marrow, characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid blasts that fail to … Read More

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) – Sign and Symptoms, Risk factors, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment and Prevention 4.9 (5682)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening form of diffuse inflammatory lung injury characterized by acute-onset hypoxemic respiratory failure, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and reduced lung compliance — not fully … Read More

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – Sign and Symptoms, Risk Factors, Complications, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention 4.8 (5782)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic, often debilitating neuropsychiatric condition defined by the presence of persistent obsessions, compulsions, or both, causing significant distress and functional impairment. It is classified in … Read More

Nipah Virus Infection – Sign and Symptoms, Risk factors, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment and Prevention 4.9 (15692)

Nipah virus is a highly pathogenic zoonotic RNA virus belonging to the genus Henipavirus (family Paramyxoviridae), first identified during the 1998–1999 outbreak in Malaysia. The natural reservoir comprises fruit bats … Read More

MCQs on Physical Examination of Urine 4.8 (5468)

1. Which of the following is the normal color of freshly voided urine? • A) Red• B) Pale yellow• C) Dark brown• D) GreenAnswer: B) Pale yellowExplanation: Fresh urine is … Read More

MCQs on Serum Electrolytes 4.8 (4569)

Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with cardiac arrhythmias?• A) Hypernatremia• B) Hypokalemia• C) Hypercalcemia• D) HypomagnesemiaAnswer: B) HypokalemiaExplanation: Hypokalemia lowers resting membrane potential, increasing myocardial excitability, which can … Read More

MCQs on Kidney Function (KFT) 3.7 (3)

1. Which of the following is the best routine test for glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? • A) Serum creatinine• B) Urea clearance• C) Inulin clearance• D) Serum uric acid Answer: … Read More